socket网络编程实验报告：基于Socket的网络编程实验报告

来源：网络作者：日期：2025-10-16 10:24:05

实验目的

掌握Socket网络编程的基本原理和实现方法。
理解TCP和UDP协议的区别及其在网络通信中的应用。
学习使用Socket API进行客户端与服务器端的通信。
提高对网络编程实际开发能力的理解。

实验环境

操作系统：Windows 10 / Linux Ubuntu 20.04
编程语言：C语言（使用标准Socket API）
开发工具：Visual Studio / GCC编译器
网络环境：局域网或互联网

实验原理

Socket（套接字）是网络通信中的基本概念，它是一种在不同主机之间实现进程通信的机制，通过Socket，程序可以在网络中发送和接收数据，Socket编程通常分为两种模型：TCP（面向连接）和UDP（无连接）。

socket网络编程实验报告：基于Socket的网络编程实验报告

TCP（Transmission Control Protocol）：提供可靠的、面向连接的数据传输，适用于需要保证数据完整性和顺序的场景。
UDP（User Datagram Protocol）：提供无连接的数据传输，适用于实时性要求高、数据丢失影响较小的场景。

实验步骤

TCP协议的Socket编程

服务器端代码示例：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#define PORT 8080
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
int main() {
    int server_fd, new_socket;
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    int opt = 1;
    int addrlen = sizeof(address);
    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {0};
    char *hello = "Hello from server";
    // 创建Socket文件描述符
    if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) {
        perror("socket failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    // 绑定地址和端口
    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    address.sin_port = htons(PORT);
    if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address)) < 0) {
        perror("bind failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    // 监听连接请求
    if (listen(server_fd, 3) < 0) {
        perror("listen failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    // 接受客户端连接
    if ((new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, (socklen_t*)&addrlen)) < 0) {
        perror("accept failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    // 读取客户端发送的数据
    read(new_socket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
    printf("Message from client: %s\n", buffer);
    // 发送响应
    send(new_socket, hello, strlen(hello), 0);
    printf("Hello message sent\n");
    close(new_socket);
    close(server_fd);
    return 0;
}

客户端代码示例：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#define PORT 8080
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
int main() {
    int sock = 0;
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {0};
    char *hello = "Hello from client";
    // 创建Socket文件描述符
    if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
        perror("Socket creation error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    address.sin_port = htons(PORT);
    address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_LOOPBACK;
    // 连接服务器
    if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address)) < 0) {
        perror("Connection failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    // 发送数据
    send(sock, hello, strlen(hello), 0);
    printf("Hello message sent\n");
    // 接收服务器响应
    read(sock, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
    printf("Server response: %s\n", buffer);
    close(sock);
    return 0;
}

UDP协议的Socket编程

服务器端代码示例：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#define PORT 8080
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
int main() {
    int sock = 0;
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {0};
    char *hello = "Hello from UDP server";
    // 创建Socket文件描述符
    if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) {
        perror("Socket creation failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    address.sin_port = htons(PORT);
    // 绑定地址和端口
    if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address)) < 0) {
        perror("Bind failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    printf("UDP server listening...\n");
    // 接收客户端数据
    int len = sizeof(address);
    read(sock, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
    printf("Message from client: %s\n", buffer);
    // 发送响应
    sendto(sock, hello, strlen(hello), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&address, len);
    printf("Hello message sent\n");
    close(sock);
    return 0;
}

客户端代码示例：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#define PORT 8080
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
int main() {
    int sock = 0;
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {0};
    char *hello = "Hello from UDP client";
    // 创建Socket文件描述符
    if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) {
        perror("Socket creation failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    address.sin_port = htons(PORT);
    address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_LOOPBACK;
    // 发送数据
    sendto(sock, hello, strlen(hello), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address));
    printf("Hello message sent\n");
    // 接收服务器响应
    int len = sizeof(address);
    read(sock, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
    printf("Server response: %s\n", buffer);
    close(sock);
    return 0;
}